Pernik is the major manufacturing centre, one of the largest in the country with the Stomana steel complex. 1972 - Completed Hotel 'Struma'. Important Milestones of STOMANA INDUSTRY SA The milestones in the Company’s history and the events having shaped its current position are the following. Stomana (1972) - informacje o filmie w bazie Filmweb.pl. Oceny, recenzje, obsada, dyskusje wiadomo Pernik - Wikipedia. Pernik (Bulgarian: . Pernik is the most populated city in western Bulgaria after Sofia. It is the main city of Pernik Province and lies on both banks of the Struma River in the Pernik Valley between the Golo Bardo Mountain, Vitosha Mountain, Lyulin and Viskyar mountains. Pernik is the main city of Pernik Province - province in western Bulgaria, neighbouring Serbia. Originally the site of a Thracian fortress founded in the 4th century BC, and later a Roman settlement, Pernik became part of the Bulgarian Empire in the early 9th century as an important fortress. Chelik / stomana / 1983. The medieval town was a key Bulgarian stronghold during Bulgarian tsar. Samuil's wars against the Byzantine Empire in the 1. Krakra of Pernik, withstanding Byzantine sieges a number of times. From 1. 39. 6 until 1. Ottoman rule. In the 2. Pernik developed rapidly as a centre for coal mining and heavy industry. During the Communist rule of Bulgaria it was called Dimitrovo between 1. Bulgarian Communist leader Georgi Dimitrov. The Surva International Festival of the Masquerade Games is held in the city every January. Surva is International Kukeri Festival in Pernik, Bulgaria. One of the biggest masquerade festival on the Balkans and Eastern Europe. Conducted in the last three days of January. Economically Pernik is industrial town. Industry is of vital importance for the economy of the province. Pernik is the major manufacturing centre, one of the largest in the country with the Stomana steel complex; heavy machinery (mining and industrial equipment); brown coals, building materials and textiles being the most important. Near Pernik there is an enormous plant for heavy machinery in smaller town Radomir which produces excavators and industrial equipment, but is currently not working at full capacity. Stomana Industry - Large enterprise for the production and marketing of steel and steel profiles. 1972 - Completed Hotel 'Struma'.Pernik has two football teams, PFC Minyor Pernik and FC Metalurg Pernik. The name Pernik is thought to have originated from that of Slavic god of thunder and lightning Perun or from a local boyar named Perin. The town is located in the Pernik Valley at an altitude between 7. Vitosha, Lyulin and Golo Bardo. Through the city flows the river Struma, which rises from Cherni Vrah - one of the largest rivers in the country with a total length of 2. The total area is 2. Pernik is situated 3. Bulgarian capital, Sofia. The territory of the town has many major roads, including Pan- European Corridor VIII and Pan- European Corridor IV - European route E7. Struma motorway and Lyulin motorway/, which connects Central Europe and Greece. Pernik has five railway stations and railway stops. The town lies close to one of the oldest trade routes in the Balkans, which ran from Sofia to Dubrovnik, via Skopje, Pristina, Sarajevo and Mostar. There is a rich collection of archaeological findings that evidence the existence of a Thracian settlement in the late Neolithic. The richest collection of pottery in the Central Balkans dates from that time. It is kept in the Historical Museum. The ancient Greek historian Thucydides wrote that in the theritory of Pernik lives Thracian tribe of Agrianes. The author mentions them in describing tells about the march of the Odrysaean King. Sitalces against Macedonia in 4. BC. Other Thracian tribes in the area were graeite and ileitis. Their main city is called Adeva (Ade. At the beginning of the 1. Byzantines. It was the seat of the legendary governor Krakra of Pernik, who played an important role in the time of the First Bulgarian Empire. In 1. 00. 4, he bravely defended their fortress and several times stop the offensive of the Byzantine Emperor Basil II (popularly known as the Bulgar- slayer) to Serdika. After long fighting, Krakra caused severe damage to the Byzantine army and forced them to withdraw from his area. In 1. 01. 6 Basil II again try to attack Pernik. After 8. 8- day siege and numerous losses Byzantine Emperor was forced to withdraw. The legend remains that the blood from the Byzantine warriors was so much, that the rocks at the foot of the fortress of Pernik become red. From there came the name of the place around - Bloody. In 1. 01. 7 Krakra gathered a great army combined Pechenegs. Both army forces were preparing to strike at Byzantium to liberate the lands between the Danube and the Stara Planina from Byzantine invaders. The politics of Constantinople bribe Pechenegs and they break up the union with Bulgarians. After the death of Tsar Ivan Vladislav in 1. Krakra successfully negotiated with the Byzantines that the Bulgarians keep their internal independence in the newly formed theme Bulgaria. All Bulgarian nobility remained untouched and Bulgarian forces fully armed. The head of the Bulgarian church also remained Bulgarian. Today Pernik Fortress is one of the largest historic landmarks. In the time of the Ottoman occupation Pernik lost its significance as a fortress because it was located deep in the interior. In the city had not settled any other ethnic groups, except Bulgarians and the population lives relatively calm in recent centuries. Until after the Liberation of Bulgaria Pernik was a small stockbreeding village, consisting of several scattered hamlets. The beginning of Pernik's modern history is set in the 2. According to some scientists, the existence of coal was already known in the 1. Before their industrial exploitation started, the local people dug it up with picks and shovels and transported coal with carts and wheelbarrows. Pernik's rapid development is associated with the large shipments of coal to the capital city, intended for household needs and for the railroad transport. Until then, coal for the railroads and the river and sea steamboats was delivered from as far as Cardiff in the United Kingdom. As the first miners' quarters were built on the terraces of the Struma River, the beginning of the miners' settlement of Pernik was set, one kilometre (0. It is a town since 1. The coal output reached its apogee at that time. Pernik has been an energy centre of Bulgaria for a few decades. The Eastern Orthodox Christian is the predominant religion. Climate. Climatic conditions are influenced by the relatively high altitude - 7. Pernik is in between mountains, which creates a specific micro- climate. Spring comes relatively late - in late March and early April. The average spring temperature is 1. Summer seasonal average temperature is about 2. The hottest month is July - an average monthly temperature 2. The absolute maximum temperature is 3. Autumn is warmer than spring, with seasonal average temperature of 1. Duhlata - with input from the southern slopes of Vitosha Mountain is the longest cave in Bulgaria (1. A complex multi labyrinth system located on 6 floors. Necropolis archaeological Thracian tribe Agrianes from 8th to 4th centuries BC - about 2. Pernik to Struma motorway near the village of Dren. Necropolis was discovered in early 2. Unique necropolis discovered in archaeological finds of gold Thracian treasure from breastplates, earrings, hairpins, jewelry and articles of silver and amber, which are stored in the Historical Museum of Pernik. Thracian sanctuary is included in the ranking . Golo Bardo separating Pernik and Radomir valleys, in which the nature reserve . From his fountain of happiness, according to tradition of the 1. It is among the oldest protected areas in Bulgaria. Ivan of Rila. Sacred pit of Garlo - is an archaeological site located near the village of Garlo in Pernik District. Lyulin Mountain to the north of Pernik. Come on the road to the villages Divotino and Liulin. Mountainside is located Divotinski Monastery . Peter & Pavel Monastery, Odranitza. Bronze medalist at the Olympics in 1. Longtime captain of the . The university was founded in close cooperation with nationally- established industry partners. The European Polytechnical University offers Bachelor, Masters and Ph. D degrees in architecture, engineering and entrepreneurship among others. The university is aiming internationally and offers all courses bilingually in Bulgarian and English languages. One of the biggest masquerade festival on the Balkans and Eastern Europe. Conducted in the last three days of January. Kukeri or Surva Festival (Mummer's games) in the town of Pernik, is the most spectacular . At the end of January thousands of . The Kukeri games are performed by men only, dressed in colourful hand- made costumes and wearing scary masks. Each has also a leather belt around the waist with huge copper bells (chanove) attached to it. The Kuker's masks are decorated with threads, ribbons, laces and usually represent animals like goats, bulls, rams, or even chicken. Some of the masks are double- faced. On one of the sides, the nose is snubbed and the face is good- humored, on the other side, the nose is hooked and the face is ominous. Those masks symbolize the good and the bad which co- exist in the world. A very important thing for the symbolic meaning of the masks are the decoration colors. Red is the most used color - symbolizes fertility of the reviving nature, the sun and the fire; the black color represents Mother Earth and white is a symbol of water and light. The Kukers walk around, jump and dance special magic dances to scare away the evil spirits, to celebrate the beginning of the spring and hopes for a good harvest, health, land fertility, and happiness. The festival held in Pernik is the oldest festival of the masquerade games in Bulgaria. The first edition was opened on January 1. In 1. 99. 5 the International Federation of Carnival Cities accepted the town of Pernik as its full member. In 2. 00. 9 Pernik was proclaimed as the European capital of Surva`s and Mummer's. The news that the Kukeri tradition and the Surva Festival in Pernik will be included in UNESCO. Over the last decade Pernik is extremely famous in Bulgaria. Mass culture and the popular media often interpret events and people of the city. There are many jokes, movies, literature, TV shows and songs in which the main subject is a citizen of Pernik.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
January 2017
Categories |